Electrical Measurement
Handmade Notes
Definition of Measurement
Measurement is just act of comparison only.
Measurement is comparison of unknown quantity with known standard.
Types of Measurement
• Electrical Measurement
• Electronic Measurement
content
01. Fundamentals of Measurement
1.1 Electrical signals and errors, their types
1.2 Desirable qualities of measuring instruments.
1.3 Various effects of electricity employed in measuring instruments.
1.4 Classification of measuring Instruments.
02. Measurement of Current and Voltage
2.1 Construction and principle of PMMC, MI, Dynamometer & induction type
instruments, Hot wire & electrostatic instruments.
2.2 Voltmeter, Ammeter, Multi-meter : analog and digital types
2.3 Range Extension of Ammeter and Voltmeter.
2.4 Instrument transformers (CT & PT), tongue tester, their use in extension of ranges
03. Measurement of Power
3.1 Principle and Construction of single phase & three phase dynamometer type
wattmeter.
3.2. Errors and their compensation.
3.3 Measurement of single phase power with one wattmeter and 2 wattmeter
methods for balanced and unbalanced loads.
3.4 Three phase power measurement by two wattmeter and three wattmeter for
balanced and unbalanced loads.
3.5 Effect of power factor variation on wattmeter readings in two wattmeter method.
04. Measurement of Energy
4.1 Constructional feature & principle of working of single phase induction type energy
meter.
4.2 Constructional feature & principle of working of three-phase induction type energy
meter.
4.3 Different types of errors and their compensation.
4.4 Concept of Electronic energy meter.
05. Measurement of Resistance
5.1 Low, medium & high resistance
5.2 Measurement of low resistance by potentiometer & Kelvin’s double bridge
5.3 Measurement of earth resistance by megger
5.4 Measurement of medium resistance by Wheatstone bridge method.
5.5 Measurement of high resistance by loss of charge method.
06. Measurement of Inductance & Capacitance
6.1 Measurement of inductance by Maxwell Bridge, Andersons Bridge. Hays Bridge
6.2 Measurement of capacitance by D-sauty Bridge, Schering Bridge.
6.3 Self & Mutual inductance Measurement,
6.4 Digital multimeter, LCR meter.
07. Transducers
7.1 Introduction of different types of transducers.
7.2 Primary and Secondary, Active and Passive Transducers.
7.3 LVDT, RVDT, RTD, Thermistor,
7.4 Piezoelectric, photoelectric, ultra-sonic.
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