Energy & Environmental Engineering | Environmental Science | HOTS Questions | Important Questions | RGPV | B-tech | BE
Q. What are the different forms in which energy from biomass can be used? (R.G.P.V., June 2014)
Ans. Biomass is an organic carbon-based material which reacts with oxygen in combustion and other natural metabolic processes and releases heat energy. Biomass can be used in following forms to produce energy-(i) Traditional biomass, in solid form which includes firewood and agricultural waste. To increase its calorific value, biomass can be converted into charcoal and fuel briquettes.
(ii) Biomass in non-traditional form, converted into liquid fuels such as bio-diesel and bio-ethanol.
(iii) Biomass digested anaerobically to obtain a gaseous fuel called biogas.
Q. What do you mean by transformation of energy? [R.G.P.V., May 2019 (III-Sem.)]
Ans. Energy is the capacity of doing work. It is most important and primary input for development. All living organisms need energy for their operations, which they derive from the environment. Man has required and used the energy ever since he came on the earth. Primitive man gets energy in the form of food by eating plants and animals. Later on he discovered fire and with the advancement various other energy sources, which he used for his domestic, industrial, transportation, agricultural and other needs.
Energy is available in number of forms such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, biological energy and energy in matter. Out of all these forms of energy, electrical energy is the most preferred form of energy due to following advantages
(i) Can be easily transported by means of cables.
(ii) Transportation losses are minimum.
(iii) Can be easily converted to other forms of energy.
(iv) Can be easily controlled and regulated to suit the requirements.
(v) Neat and clean form of energy.
Ans. Energy is the capacity of doing work. It is most important and primary input for development. All living organisms need energy for their operations, which they derive from the environment. Man has required and used the energy ever since he came on the earth. Primitive man gets energy in the form of food by eating plants and animals. Later on he discovered fire and with the advancement various other energy sources, which he used for his domestic, industrial, transportation, agricultural and other needs.
Energy is available in number of forms such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, biological energy and energy in matter. Out of all these forms of energy, electrical energy is the most preferred form of energy due to following advantages
(i) Can be easily transported by means of cables.
(ii) Transportation losses are minimum.
(iii) Can be easily converted to other forms of energy.
(iv) Can be easily controlled and regulated to suit the requirements.
(v) Neat and clean form of energy.
(vi) Economical in use.
Thus, various energy sources need to be transformed to electrical e for their efficient use. This transformation of energy from one form to another! is called energy conversion. energy
Various methods of generating electricity from energy sources are
described below-
Thus, various energy sources need to be transformed to electrical e for their efficient use. This transformation of energy from one form to another! is called energy conversion. energy
Various methods of generating electricity from energy sources are
described below-
(i) Thermal Power Plants - In thermal power plants coal is used to generate steam, which in turn is used to generate electricity. In these plants heat energy of coal is used to produce steam by heating water in a boiler. The steam generated is passed through steam turbine, where part of its thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy. The turbine, in turn drives an alternator which converts mechanical energy of turbine into electrical power.
(ii) Diesel Power Plants - Due to high transportation cost of coal and its adverse effects on environment, world is now switching over to a cleaner source of energy- oil. A power plant, which uses diesel engine as the prime mover (turbine) is known as a diesel power station. The diesel burns inside the engine and products of combustion acts as the working fluid to produce mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by using an alternator.
(iii) Hydroelectric Power Station - A generating station which converts the potential energy of water at a high level into electrical energy is called hydroelectric power station. This is generally located in high areas where dams can be built conveniently and large water resources can be obtained. The water head is created by constructing a dam across a river or lake. From the dam, water is brought to a water turbine. The water turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(iv) Nuclear Power Station - A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is called nuclear power station. In this station, heavy elements like Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) are subjected to nuclear fission in the reactor. The heat energy is used to raise steam at high temperature and pressure. The steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy. The turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The big advantage of nuclear power station is that huge amount of electrical energy can be produced from a relatively small amount of nuclear fuel as compared to other conventional types of power station.
(v) Gas Turbine Power Plant - A generating station which employs gas turbine as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy is called gas turbine power plant. In this plant, air is used as the working fluid. The air is compressed by the compressor and is led to the combustion chamber where heat is added to air, thus raising its temperature. Heat is added to the compressed air either by burning fuel in the chamber or by the use of air heaters. The hot and high pressure air from the combustion chamber is then passed to the gas turbine where it expands and does the mechanical work. The gas turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(ii) Diesel Power Plants - Due to high transportation cost of coal and its adverse effects on environment, world is now switching over to a cleaner source of energy- oil. A power plant, which uses diesel engine as the prime mover (turbine) is known as a diesel power station. The diesel burns inside the engine and products of combustion acts as the working fluid to produce mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by using an alternator.
(iii) Hydroelectric Power Station - A generating station which converts the potential energy of water at a high level into electrical energy is called hydroelectric power station. This is generally located in high areas where dams can be built conveniently and large water resources can be obtained. The water head is created by constructing a dam across a river or lake. From the dam, water is brought to a water turbine. The water turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(iv) Nuclear Power Station - A generating station in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is called nuclear power station. In this station, heavy elements like Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) are subjected to nuclear fission in the reactor. The heat energy is used to raise steam at high temperature and pressure. The steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy. The turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The big advantage of nuclear power station is that huge amount of electrical energy can be produced from a relatively small amount of nuclear fuel as compared to other conventional types of power station.
(v) Gas Turbine Power Plant - A generating station which employs gas turbine as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy is called gas turbine power plant. In this plant, air is used as the working fluid. The air is compressed by the compressor and is led to the combustion chamber where heat is added to air, thus raising its temperature. Heat is added to the compressed air either by burning fuel in the chamber or by the use of air heaters. The hot and high pressure air from the combustion chamber is then passed to the gas turbine where it expands and does the mechanical work. The gas turbine drives the alternator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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